Future is less predictable, but the remarkable point is that organizations can prepare themselves to encounter it which will result in the creation of competitive advantage for them. In order to develop in the insecure environment, organizations should leave their one-dimensional view toward the future, and consider the probable events in the future in their planning, using a multi-dimensional viewpoint. The methodology that is introduced in this article is a modern one because it combines the general method of formulating strategies with the two common tools that are used in order to fight uncertainty, namely, SCENARIO planning and fuzzy logic. Using the uncertain elements that exist in the environment, this method embarks on designing possible SCENARIOs facing the organization, and with the help of the fuzzy information supplied by the experts, it sets to select the most robust strategy of the organization in the fuzzy inference system. This strategy is selected in such a way that under all possible conditions of the occurrence of SCENARIOs, it is justifiable and not necessarily the optimal choice; and enjoys the best possible performance from among all the SCENARIOs that are specified for the future. In this paper, we compare the common method of strategy formulation with the formulation of strategy through the robust methodology, then, we examine the results obtained from implementation of both methods in a case study in a real organization.

Stochastic and robust optimizations have been considered as two different views of stochastic problems. While robust optimization takes optimization in the worst case, stochastic optimization regards no conservative view and merely focuses on expected value. However, a unilateral view of stochastic problems does not apply to most real problems. In this article, a hybrid robust and stochastic approach is proposed for optimization problems under uncertainty. Our major contribution is presenting different conservative levels in solving an optimization problem using a Hybrid Robust and Stochastic Optimization approach. To this end, we cluster uncertain parameters into different clusters using Latin Hypercube Sampling and k-Means clustering tools; having established various numbers of clusters of uncertain parameters, different clustering criteria and a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) tool is employed to determine the optimal number of clusters of uncertain parameters. Then, a hybrid energy optimization model under uncertainty is applied to coordinate the scheduling of natural gas-fired electricity generation units and gas supply units (gas refinery) under natural gas and electricity demand uncertainty, with known probability distribution and uncertain parameters having different levels of conservatism. The results indicate that while no special trend is evident in the execution time as the number of clusters increases, the optimal value is decreased.

The military decision-making process is very complex and involves uncertainty in the information. Decision makers and players, environmental factors, objectives, strategies and criteria are the important cases for choosing the optimal decision. In this paper, a methodology for military decision-making in different battle situations is described. The modeling of decision-making problems in the conflict between two red and blue forces is expressed in the frameworks of the bi-matrix games. The insider and opponent's strategies are examined and the output of the analysis is placed in two game matrices, separately. Fuzzy theory is used to model the uncertainty resulting from strategies analysis. Using the nearest interval approximation of the fuzzy numbers, the payoffs are written as interval. Then, to compute equilibrium points, two quadratic PROGRAMMING problems are introduced. Finally, model of battle SCENARIO is expressed as a fuzzy bi-matrix game and it's solution is described using the proposed method.

One of the issues of reliable performance in the power grid is the existence of electromechanical oscillations between interconnected generators. The number of generators participating in each electromechanical oscillation mode and the frequency oscillation depends on the structure and function of the power grid. In this paper, to improve the transient nature of the network and damping electromechanical fluctuations, a decentralized robust adaptive control method based on dynamic PROGRAMMING has been used to design a stabilizing power system and a complementary static var compensator (SVC) controller. By applying a single line to ground fault in the network, the robustness of the designed control systems is demonstrated. Also, the simulation results of the method used in this paper are compared with controllers whose parameters are adjusted using the PSO algorithm. The simulation results show the superiority of the decentralized robust adaptive control method based on dynamic PROGRAMMING for the stabilizing design of the power system and the complementary SVC controller. The performance of the control method is tested using the IEEE 16-machine, 68-bus, 5-area is verified with time domain simulation.

Here, a novel SCENARIO-based two-level inventory control model with a limited budget is formulated. The demand during the selling period is considered to follow a uniform probability distribution. It is assumed that there will be some customers who are willing to wait for their demands to be satisfied; thus, a service level is considered for these customers. The aim is to find the optimal order quantities of the products and the required raw materials at the beginning of the selling period such that the relevant expected total profit obtained during the period is maximized. A penalty function along with a barrier method is proposed to solve the developed nonlinear stochastic PROGRAMMING problem. The problem is solved under different SCENARIOs including good, fair, and low demands. Finally, a case study in a dairy manufacturing company is provided to illustrate the application of the proposed methodology in real-world inventory control systems.

Purpose: The flourishing of political parties and currents is one of the signs of the degree of development in societies. In contemporary Iran and since the formation of the constitutional movement, political currents have gone through many ups and downs and it can be said that political currents in Iran after the Islamic Revolution have not yet reached the stage of institutionalization and stability. A characteristic feature of political currents in Iran is the divergence and division among political currents in recent decades, and this can be one of the reasons for the instability and cross-sectional and seasonal activity of political parties in Iran. Therefore, the necessity of leading research seeks to answer the question of how factors and divergence among political currents in Iran after the victory of the Islamic Revolution can be analyzed? And what are the SCENARIOs for the advancement of political currents in Iran?Method: To answer this question, the method of causal-layer analysis, which is one of the qualitative methods in futures research, has been used.Findings: The research findings indicate that this divergence is due to a wide range of reasons from the level of causal systems (from the institutionalization of power to the formation of parties as elitist initiatives), worldview and discourse (from charismatic political authority to culture). Subsidiary-follower politics to myth-metaphor (Iranian individualism to belief in a strong state-weak society) can be analyzed.Conclusions: Three SCENARIOs for the future of Iranian political currents can be considered: integration of currents as the security valve of the political system, the collapse of political currents in the traditional form, integration and consolidation in new social movements (virtualized parties).

Computational grids have provided the usage of computational distributed resources for computation-intensive applications. The development of programs that use these capabilities is one of the challenging issues for grid computing. In this article, an effort has been made in order to solve this problem by presenting mobile-agent-based parallel PROGRAMMING on the grid. The presentation of this model, which has been materialized by extending Alchemi™ grid infrastructure, adding agent properties and navigational commands that let the user to develop his/her program by using agents’ mobility and communication between them. In order to evaluate the system, algorithm of matrix multiplication as well as algorithm of finding the convex hull of a series of points has been implemented in the mentioned system.

Introduction: The current research tries to identify the factors affecting the growth of professional sports clubs, which affect the development of the sports industry, by focusing on the strategic foresight of Iran's professional sports with a world-class approach.Methods: The data of this qualitative research, which had an exploratory-fundamental nature, was collected through targeted sampling with the snowball technique and based on semi-structured in-depth interviews with 20 experts in the field of professional sports clubs. A detailed interpretative understanding and preliminary and theoretical codings determined that professional sports clubs can build their desired future based on the requirements of shaping the future, by overcoming the weight of the past, the pressure of the present and in line with the tension of the future and the choice of proactive behavior in facing the future, set a perspective for it.Results: In this research, a total of fifteen main factors affecting the strategic foresight of Iran's professional sports with a world-class approach include: sports structure, foundational factors, hardware infrastructure, background factors, key stakeholders, development with a global approach, actors Key, human resource development, and possible consequences, global development consequences, preferred future, uncertainties, drivers and surprises were identified.Conclusion: In general, economic considerations are described in world-class professional sports more than anything else, although cultural elements also play a role in this field. Despite the importance of culture in globalization discourses in sports, economic considerations play an important role.